Macromolecules in Cells

http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/bionet/biol115/t2_basics_of_life/lesson2.htm
1. What is a macromolecule?
Macromolecules are polymers that are built or broken down in the same way. They are usually referred to as a large molecules that are very important biologically. There are four different types of macromolecule which are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acid; each one of them usually has more than one function
2. What is a monomer?
A monomer is any of several small molecular structure that may be chemically bonded together to form long multi-part polymer molecules
3. What is a polymer?
A polymer is a large molecule made up of similar or identical subunits called monomers.
4. What are four main types of macromolecules?
Four main types of macromolecules are protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acid.
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/bionet/biol115/t2_basics_of_life/flash/T2L2M1_activity_polymer.htm
5. What are the types of reactions that macromolecules are shown to undergo?
The types of reactions that macromolecules are shown to undergo are condensation and hydrolysis.
6. Describe how monomers are joined together.
Monomers are linked together by a process called dehydration synthesis which can also be called a condensation reaction in which a covalent bond is formed between the two monomers while a water molecule is also formed.
7. Describe how polymers are broken down.
Polymers are broken down by a hydrolysis also a water molecule in which breaks the covalent bond.
8. What is the specific name for the bond between simple sugar monomers?
The specific name for the bond between simple sugar monomers is a covalent bond being formed.
9. Which kind of enzyme joins monomers together?
The kind of enzyme is a polymerase.
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/bionet/biol115/t2_basics_of_life/flash/T2L2M4_activity_carbonhydrate.htm
10. Describe how you had to arrange the sugar monomers in order to build a polysaccharide?
If sugar molecules were to link together by glycosidic linkages, then it takes two sugar monomers to create a glycosidic linkage.
11. Which building blocks of macromolecules are not used in building carbohydrates?
The building blocks of macromolecules that are not used in building carbohydrates are amino acid, fatty acid, and Nucleotide.
http://www.nutramed.com/nutrition/carbohydrates.htm
12. Why is sugar stored as a glycogen in the human body?
It is stored in the human body because glycogen is a long term energy storage. It is stored until you need it usually in your liver.
13. Why are plant food essential to animal life?
Plant food is essential to animal life because plants are proteins and contain all the essential amino acids. They also contain glycogen.
14. Describe how starch is digested by animals.
First off, starch is the most valuable polysaccharide. the starch molecule is tree like, with branches of varying length. Also starch digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase, also continuing in the small intestine with pancreatic amylase. The short chains of glucoses are referred to as alpha-dextrin, maltotriose, and maltose. Glucoamylase breaks the short chain down to individual glucose  molecules which are absorbed. Starch is the best fuel, supplying sustained-release glucose.
15. What is "fiber" and why is it important in your diet?
Fiber is something that helps your body with digestion. It is important in your diet because it is known for lowering cholesterol, blood sugar, blood pressure, risk of heart disease and risk of diabetes. It is a name of carbohydrates
16. What causes you to pass gas according to this article?
According to the article when we eat and drink, sometimes we swallow small amounts of air and not know it. The gas in our digestive system mainly contains nitrogen and oxygen. So when we digest food the gas in the form of  hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide is released. When the gas in your digestive builds up and the body will release it.
http://www.nutramed.com/nutrition/lowcarbo_madness.htm
17. What are some disadvantages of a low-carb diet?
Some disadvantages of a low-carb diet is the water loss with no improvement of health, which isn't good. After a low carb diet most people tend to gain the wait back. When you don't eat carbs you don't get much fiber. Your body needs the carbs.
http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/article/christafavotcolumn1.htm/
18. Describe the role that sugars play in cavity formation in your teeth.
The role that sugar plays in cavity formation in your teeth is the bacteria that forms together to form plague on your teeth uses sugar as the energy. Sugar also helps the bacteria to stick to your teeth like glue. This also makes it harder to get the bacteria off of your teeth.